supported by advanced surveillance systems, drones and missile platforms. The infrastructure race along the border shows no signs of slowing, with both sides constructing roads, airfields and fortified outposts to improve their strategic positions. This arms race creates a security dilemma, where defensive measures are perceived as offensive prepar

The Sino-Indian border dispute dates back to colonial-era boundary demarcations that both nations inherited at the time of their independence. The 1962 War left scars that continue to shape the perceptions of policymakers in New Delhi and Beijing. While numerous agreements in the late-20thCentury sought to maintain peace along the LAC, including th

Crossing the border until now had been part of the daily lives of thousands of people. Even at the official crossing point at Sungai Kolok, nine out of ten locals may not use any documentation to cross the border. There was an unofficial understanding in the area that if you crossed to visit the immediate area on the other side of the river for a s

While the agreement was initially lauded, it has faced significant criticism. Many Chagossians have expressed feelings of marginalisation from the negotiation process. In the UK, some politicians denounced the deal despite their role in initiating the discussions, highlighting the domestic political complexity surrounding the issue The outcomes of

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) “open door” policy toward membership-seeking countries was never intended as an across-the-board policy. It has been implemented on a case-by-case basis, sometimes contingent on opportunities The acceptance of new member countries has not necessarily been merit-based by NATO’s declared criteri